Table 11.4 The Major Freudian Defense Mechanismsĭiverting threatening impulses away from the source of the anxiety and toward a more acceptable sourceĪ student who is angry at her professor for a low grade lashes out at her roommate, who is a safer target of her anger.ĭisguising threatening impulses by attributing them to othersĪ man with powerful unconscious sexual desires for women claims that women use him as a sex object. We may wish to scream, yell, or hit, and yet our ego normally tells us to wait, reflect, and choose a more appropriate response. The id and the constraints of society contained in the superego ( Figure 11.6). The ego serves as the intermediary between the desires of The ego is the larg e ly c ons c i o us c ontroll e r orĭ ec ision - mak e r of p e rso n alit y. R e ality prin c ipl e-the idea that we must delay gratification of our basic motivations until the appropriate time with theĪppropriate outlet. In contrast to the id, which is about the pleasure principle, the function of the e gois based on the The superego strives for perfection, and when we fa il to live up to its demands we feel guilty. The superego tell us all the things that we shouldn’tĭo, or the duties and obligations of society. In stark contrast to the id, the superego represents our s e nse of morality and oughts. The id is why we smokeĬigarettes, drink alcohol, view pornography, tell mean jokes about people, and engage in other fun or harmful behaviors, often at the cost of doing more productive activities. Pl e asu r e prin c iple-the desire for immediate gratification of our sexual and aggressive urges. According to Freud, the id is driven by the The id is entirely unconscious, and itĭrives our most important motivations, including the sexual drive ( libido) and the aggressive or destructive drive ( Thanatos). 1 According to Freudian theory, the id is the c ompon e nt of personality thatįorms the basis of our most pr i miti v e impuls e s. However, it’s interesting to see how Pi’s id (survival instincts) is powerful enough to take charge over the superego and ends up killing the fish for the two of them.Available under Creative Commons-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.įreud proposed that the mind is divided into three components: id, e go, and sup e r e go, and that the interactions andĬonflicts among the components create personality (Freud, 1923/1943). He subconsciously knows that he should not be killing a live species due to religion, and also knows that he should not be eating fish (he is a vegetarian because of his religion). In this situation, his superego makes him hesitant to kill it. This could be the hidden meaning for Pi’s natural instincts.Īnother example is when Pi struggled with killing the fish for Richard Parker and himself to eat. In both the novel and the movie, Pi tells us that Richard Parker is the reason why he had a chance to survive. Richard Parker is Pi’s survival instincts (id), which we are all born with the moment we are born. Richard Parker is the one who kills the hyena, which is parallel to Pi killing the cook (another version of the story he tells to Japanese reports at the very end of the movie). Some researchers believe that Richard Parker, the tiger, is actually a symbolism of Pi’s id. This also shows what imbalance of personalities can do to us. There was no superego or ego that could have stopped it from killing the zebra. The hyena on the lifeboat is an example of id, because of how it killed the zebra due to hunger.
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